1、 Mud preparation processing

把直接自地下的泥去掉杂质,用木槌,木棒敲砸进行人工捣炼,有条件的可用捣泥机加工。太湿的泥,要先放在室内通风处,让泥土吹干达到合适的湿度;太干的泥则要泥土砸碎,放在容器内,浇上适量的水浸泡,然后再进行捣炼。最后要使泥土达到软硬适度又不粘手为佳，加工好的泥块要放在缸内或其他盛具内,用湿布或塑料布盖好以保持一定的湿度,备用。

Remove the impurities from the mud directly from the ground, and hammer it with a mallet and stick for manual tamping. If conditions permit, it can be processed with a tamping machine. If the mud is too wet, it should be placed in a ventilated place in the room first, and let the mud dry to reach the appropriate humidity; If the mud is too dry, it should be smashed, put in the container, poured with appropriate amount of water to soak, and then tamped. Finally, it is better to make the soil soft and hard and not sticky. The processed mud should be placed in the tank or other containers, covered with wet cloth or plastic cloth to maintain a certain humidity, and used for standby.

二、搭内骨架

2、 Built-in skeleton

搭制骨架常用木,木版,铁丝,钢筋,铁钉等。泥塑的骨架像人的骨骼一样,起着支撑和连接的作用,它是泥塑的基础条件,不可忽视。搭骨架要注意

The framework is usually made of wood, wood block, iron wire, steel bar, iron nail, etc. Like human bones, the skeleton of clay sculpture plays the role of support and connection. It is the basic condition of clay sculpture and cannot be ignored. Pay attention to the framework

骨架要牢固,以保证泥塑的稳定,上泥后不倾斜,不倒塌

The skeleton shall be firm to ensure the stability of the clay sculpture, and it shall not tilt or collapse after being plastered

堆泥后要使其既不掉泥,又不露架

After stacking mud, make sure that it does not fall off the mud and does not expose the rack

要体现雕塑的大体形状

To reflect the general shape of the sculpture

所搭骨架要简单,便于变动和制模时拆架。

The framework should be simple, easy to change and remove during mold making.

三、上大泥堆大形

3、 Big shape of upper big mud pile

泥与骨架备好以后,就可以动手上泥了。先在骨架上喷一次水,以便泥块与骨架能牢固地结合,不易掉落。

After the mud and skeleton are ready, you can start to fill the mud. Spray water on the skeleton first, so that the mud block and the skeleton can be firmly combined and not easy to fall.

上泥时,将泥块一块一块地堆贴在骨架上,用手按紧,拍实,然后层层加泥,用木槌或拍泥板将泥砸实帖牢。

When loading the mud, pile the mud on the skeleton one by one, press it tightly with your hands, pat it firmly, then add the mud layer by layer, and use a wooden mallet or clapping board to smash the mud firmly.

上大泥时,要从大处着眼,从整体入手,切忌缩手缩脚,陷入到局部细节的塑造中。

When going to the big mud, we should look at the big picture and start from the whole. We should not shrink and fall into the shaping of local details.

景观雕塑是三维的实体,每添一块泥都要照顾到各个视角之间的关系,要经常转动雕塑台,不断进行观察比较。泥不要一次堆足,只要堆出大形即可。

Landscape sculpture is a three-dimensional entity. Every addition of mud should take into account the relationship between various perspectives, and the sculpture platform should be rotated frequently for continuous observation and comparison. Don't pile up enough mud at one time, just pile it into a big shape.

四、深入塑造

4、 Deeply shaping

在大的形体与比例为准确的基础上,便可进入深入塑造的阶段。

On the basis of accurate large shape and proportion, we can enter the stage of in-depth shaping.

随着局部和细部的深入,使泥塑的体量逐渐到位.做局部要经常与整体比较,使局部服从于整体。

With the deepening of parts and details, the volume of clay sculpture is gradually in place. The parts should be often compared with the whole to make the parts subordinate to the whole.

在深入塑造的过程中,要不断调整和把握整体与局部的关系,处理局部与细部的关系,也要反复推敲,始终掌握整体-局部-整体的原则.只要整体把握得准确,局部才能做的正确,而局部做准确了,也更充实完善了整体。

In the process of in-depth shaping, we should constantly adjust and grasp the relationship between the whole and the part, and deal with the relationship between the part and the detail. We should also think over and over again, and always grasp the principle of the whole, the part and the whole. As long as the whole is grasped accurately, the part can be done correctly, and the part is done accurately, and the whole is also enriched and improved.

往往在深入刻画局部时精力十分集中,常在一个面上塑造时间太久而忘了转动雕塑台,这样越是做得细致,体积也越容易拉平.所 以要注意始终保持整体的观察和塑造。

They tend to be very concentrated when deeply portraying parts, and often forget to turn the sculpture table when they have been sculpted on one side for too long. The more careful they are, the easier it is to flatten the volume. Therefore, they should always keep the overall observation and molding.

另外，要注意对称关系，可在泥塑上画中心线来检查，比较和修正。

In addition, pay attention to the symmetry relationship. You can draw the center line on the clay sculpture to check, compare and correct.

五、调整统一

5、 Adjustment and unification

在深入阶段,难免会出现某些局部的细节表现得过分突出,形体的大转折被削弱,形体间缺乏连贯或处理僵硬等,在调整统一阶段就要把它调整到整体的大的关系上来。

In the in-depth stage, it is inevitable that some local details will be too prominent, the major turning point of the form will be weakened, and the forms will lack coherence or rigid processing. In the adjustment and unification stage, it is necessary to adjust it to the overall relationship.

景观雕塑在制作的过程里，也要注意经常对泥塑作品喷水，尤其是在夏天的时候水分会更容易挥发，也要定时的喷水，这样才能始终保持合适的干湿程度，以便塑造形体。而在冬天的时候气温比较的低，泥塑如果不注意保暖的话，再经历冻结，就能让泥塑松裂，所以在暖和的工作室工作泥塑才不至于松裂。而工作结束之后，也要用塑料布把泥塑包好，泥塑不会干裂，水分也不容易挥发，接下来就能继续塑造了。

In the process of making landscape sculpture, we should also pay attention to the frequent water spray on the clay sculpture works, especially in the summer when the water will volatilize more easily, and we should also spray water regularly, so that we can always maintain the appropriate degree of dryness and wetness, so as to shape the body. In winter, the temperature is relatively low. If you don't pay attention to keeping warm, the clay sculpture will crack if you go through freezing, so the clay sculpture won't crack if you work in a warm studio. After the work is over, you should also wrap the clay with plastic cloth. The clay will not dry and crack, and the water will not volatilize easily. Then you can continue to shape it.