Garden rockeries are inextricably bound up with literati painters, and rockeries as the bones of gardens are no exception. Confucius once said that the wise enjoy water and the benevolent enjoy mountains; Those who know move, and those who are good are quiet. Mountains are naturally prone to a sense of stillness. With the historical influence of Confucius' famous sayings, it seems that there is a collective unconsciousness passed down from generation to generation, so when you see the mountain, you have a quiet experience and beauty.

一方面是指塑石假山在整个园林环境中的布局与协调，即与周围植物、水体、建筑的空间关系。假山瀑布等自然山景，变化多端，但并不繁复。而是有着严谨的结构，完整的布局和空间上的先后顺序。另一方面是指自身空间之美，可见其人格，包括峰、壁、洞、坡、谷等景观状态，表现出不同的人格之美，比如峰能给人以巍峨挺拔之美，壁能给人以险峻险峻之美。

On the one hand, it refers to the layout and coordination of the plastic stone rockery in the whole garden environment, that is, the spatial relationship with the surrounding plants, water bodies and buildings. Natural mountain scenery, such as rockery and waterfall, is changeable, but not complicated. It has strict structure, complete layout and spatial order. On the other hand, it refers to the beauty of its own space. It can be seen that its personality, including the landscape states of peaks, walls, caves, slopes and valleys, shows the beauty of different personalities. For example, peaks can give people the beauty of towering and upright, and walls can give people the beauty of precipitous and precipitous.

假山设计中，空间要素主要集中在观看视距的变化。详细分析了观赏视距对塑石假山景观美的影响。假山设计中，美还应包括合理利用空间，在有限的基础上提供尽可能多的活动场地，选择节省空间的立体绿化、藤蔓或草地，利用借景增加景观特色、拓展空间，利用错觉改变空间的感觉。

In rockery design, space elements mainly focus on the change of viewing distance. The influence of viewing distance on the landscape beauty of plastic stone rockery is analyzed in detail. In rockery design, beauty should also include the rational use of space, providing as many activity sites as possible on a limited basis, selecting space-saving three-dimensional greening, vines or grass, adding landscape features, expanding space, and using illusion to change the feeling of space.

二、时间之美

2、 The beauty of time

假山制作从艺术创作和欣赏的角度来看，时间因素是塑石假山景观中不可忽视的物理因素。包括不同的时间，黄昏，春夏秋冬不同的季节，不同的天气，比如多云，晴，雨，雪，风。塑石假山瀑布的景观美也是与众不同的。不同的时间节奏能给人带来趣味，满足人的精神享受，增强情感因素和感染力，引起共鸣，产生不同的审美感受。通过其瀑布不同季节变化的美，整个假山在季节变化中表现出鲜明的季节特征。春雨，夏草，秋叶，冬风，随着时间的流逝来回循环，给人一种时间的迁移。

From the perspective of artistic creation and appreciation, the time factor is a physical factor that cannot be ignored in the landscape of plastic stone rockery. It includes different time, dusk, spring, summer, autumn and winter, and different weather, such as cloudy, sunny, rainy, snowy, and windy. The landscape beauty of the plastic stone rockery waterfall is also unique. Different time rhythms can bring people interest, satisfy people's spiritual enjoyment, enhance emotional factors and appeal, cause resonance, and produce different aesthetic feelings. Through the beauty of its waterfalls in different seasons, the whole rockery shows distinct seasonal characteristics in seasonal changes. Spring rain, summer grass, autumn leaves, and winter wind cycle back and forth with the passage of time, giving people a kind of time migration.

假山瀑布流动的美。自然与塑石假山景观交织在一起，让人充分领略大自然的美。只有这样，才能真正与自然融为一体。

The flowing beauty of rockery and waterfall. Nature and plastic rockery landscape are intertwined, allowing people to fully appreciate the beauty of nature. Only in this way can we truly integrate with nature.

假山瀑布展示出来的是美的形式和内容的统一。没有美的内容不能称之为美，但没有美的形式，美的具体存在也就失去了。形式美是艺术存在的前提，创造和创新总是从形式开始。美总是存在于形式中。假山瀑布中没有形式的创造，就没有美的创造。假山瀑布作为一种造型艺术，也应该追求形式美。

The rockery waterfall shows the unity of beauty form and content. Without the content of beauty, it cannot be called beauty, but without the form of beauty, the concrete existence of beauty will be lost. The beauty of form is the premise of the existence of art. Creation and innovation always start from form. Beauty always exists in form. If there is no formal creation in rockery and waterfall, there is no beautiful creation. As a plastic art, rockery and waterfall should also pursue formal beauty.

现代园林假山中假山瀑布体现了人文美的一种强烈的综合艺术形式，是以物质元素的构成为基础，综合依靠文学、书法、绘画等艺术，从而给人以丰富多彩的审美享受。它是一种从诗画中取意的艺术创造，能引起人们丰富的、感性的审美联想。

The rockery waterfall in the modern garden rockery reflects a strong comprehensive art form of human beauty, which is based on the composition of material elements and comprehensively relies on literature, calligraphy, painting and other arts, thus giving people a rich and colorful aesthetic enjoyment. It is an artistic creation that takes meaning from poetry and painting, and can arouse people's rich and perceptual aesthetic association.